Fender structure assemblies for vehicles

ABSTRACT

An attachment bracket for mounting a fender of a vehicle to a side structural member includes a top portion that connects to the fender. A first vertical leg connects to the side structural member. The first vertical leg extends downwardly from an edge of the top portion. A second vertical leg connects to the side structural member. The second vertical leg extends downwardly from an opposite edge of the top portion. The first vertical leg includes a bend separating the first vertical leg into an upper portion and a lower portion. The first vertical leg has a central opening at the bend that is spaced vertically from the top portion and a bottom end of the first vertical leg.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present specification generally relates to fender structureassemblies for vehicles and, more specifically, to fender panel mountingstructures for use in mounting fenders to vehicles.

BACKGROUND

A number of countries have organizations that monitor safety performanceof automobiles. For example, the European New Car Assessment Program(Euro NCAP) and the Japan New Car Assessment Program (JNCAP) providerating schemes for crash testing automobiles. One area of interestrelates to pedestrian head impacts, for example, along the front of thevehicle.

It is known that automobile bodies are typically formed of a number ofpanels that are mounted to support structures. One such panel is afender structure, which is disposed on an apron structural member.Fender attachment brackets have been proposed for attaching the fenderstructure to an apron structural member and function to absorb impactenergy.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, an attachment bracket for mounting a fender of avehicle to a side structural member includes a top portion that connectsto the fender. A first vertical leg connects to the side structuralmember. The first vertical leg extends downwardly from an edge of thetop portion. A second vertical leg connects to the side structuralmember. The second vertical leg extends downwardly from an opposite edgeof the top portion. The first vertical leg includes a bend separatingthe first vertical leg into an upper portion and a lower portion. Thefirst vertical leg has a central opening at the bend that is spacedvertically from the top portion and a bottom end of the first verticalleg.

In another embodiment, a vehicle having a fender structure assemblyincludes a fender having an outer portion and a connecting portion. Anattachment bracket mounts the fender to a side structural member. Theattachment bracket includes a top portion connected to the connectingportion. A first vertical leg is connected to the side structuralmember. The first vertical leg extends downwardly from an edge of thetop portion. A second vertical leg is connected to the side structuralmember. The second vertical leg extends downwardly from an opposite edgeof the top portion. The first vertical leg includes a bend separatingthe first vertical leg into an upper portion and a lower portion. Thefirst vertical leg has a central opening at the bend that is spacedvertically from the top portion and a bottom end of the first verticalleg.

In another embodiment, a fender structure assembly of a motor vehicleincludes a fender including an outer portion extending downwardly towarda wheel, a vertical portion extending downwardly from the outer portionand a connecting portion. An attachment bracket mounts the fender to theside structural member. The attachment bracket includes a top portionconnected to the connecting portion. A first vertical leg is connectedto the side structural member. The first vertical leg extends downwardlyfrom an edge of the top portion and includes two or more openingsspaced-apart vertically from each other along a length of the firstvertical leg. A second vertical leg is connected to the side structuralmember. The second vertical leg extends downwardly from an opposite edgeof the top portion and includes two or more openings spaced-apartvertically from each other along a length of the second vertical leg.The first and second vertical legs buckle at each of their respectivetwo or more openings upon an impact to the fender structure assembly.

These and additional features provided by the embodiments describedherein will be more fully understood in view of the following detaileddescription, in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The embodiments set forth in the drawings are illustrative and exemplaryin nature and not intended to limit the subject matter defined by theclaims. The following detailed description of the illustrativeembodiments can be understood when read in conjunction with thefollowing drawings, where like structure is indicated with likereference numerals and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a motor vehicle;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section view along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1illustrating an embodiment of a fender structure;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the fender structure of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of an attachment bracket for usein the fender structure of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the attachment bracket of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the attachment bracket of FIG. 4 in adeformed configuration;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the attachment bracket of FIG. 6 is thedeformed configuration;

FIG. 8 is a graph of acceleration versus time for a pedestrian impacttest using the attachment bracket of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 9 is a graph of acceleration versus displacement for the pedestrianimpact test using the attachment bracket of FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 generally depicts one embodiment of a motor vehicle 10 wherearrows F, U and IN denote forward, upward and widthwise inwarddirections of the vehicle 10. The vehicle 10 includes a vehicle body 12with a hood 14, a front fender 16 and a boundary line 18 running alongthe length of the vehicle 10 between the hood 14 and the fender 16. Thehood 14 (which may be formed of a metal material) is generally disposedabove an engine compartment 20 so as to be able to open the hood 14 togain access to the engine compartment 20. The hood 14 may be formed ofmultiple panels, such as an outer hood panel 22 and an inner hood panel24 (FIG. 2). The front fender 16, which may be formed of a metal orplastic material, is located to a side of the outer hood panel 22. Aswill be described in greater detail below, the front fender 16 isattached to a side or apron structural member by attachment bracketsforming a fender structural assembly generally designated element 25that is positioned along the length of the vehicle 10.

Referring to FIG. 2, the inner hood panel 24 is located on a lower sideof the outer hood panel 22. The inner hood panel 24 may be attached tothe outer hood panel 22 such that an outer edge portion 26 of the outerhood panel 22 is fixed by hemming to an outer flange 28 of the innerhood panel 24 that projects outward in the vehicle widthwise direction.Any other suitable connection structure may be used to connect the innerand outer hood panels 24 and 22.

The side or apron structural member 30 is located below the boundaryline 18 between the hood 14 and the front fender 16. The apronstructural member 30 extends generally in the lengthwise direction ofthe vehicle 10 with the boundary line 18. The apron structural member 30includes an upper apron member 32 and a lower apron member 34. The upperapron member 32 includes a vertical portion 36 that is connected to ahorizontal portion 38 forming a somewhat L-shaped section as viewed inthe lengthwise direction of the vehicle 10. The lower apron member 34includes a horizontal portion 40 connected to a vertical portion 42forming a somewhat L-shaped section as viewed in the lengthwisedirection of the vehicle 10. The upper and lower apron members 32 and 34may be connected in any suitable manner such as by fasteners, welding,etc. In some embodiments, the upper apron member 32 and the lower apronmember 34 cooperate to form a closed space or area that extends in thelengthwise direction of the vehicle 10. Other configurations arepossible for the apron structural member 30, such as a U-shaped uppermember that is connected to an L-shaped lower member.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the front fender 16 includes an outer wall44 that extends vertically downward from a top end portion 46 of theouter wall 44 toward a front wheel of the vehicle 10. An inner wall 48extends downwardly from the top end portion 46 at the boundary line 18to a horizontal connecting wall 50 disposed at least partially below thehood 14.

An attachment bracket 52 connects the front fender 16 at the horizontalconnecting wall 50 to the upper apron member 32 at the horizontalportion 38. A fastener 53 may connect the attachment bracket 52 to theconnecting wall 50 and fasteners 55 and 57 may connect the attachmentbracket 52 to the upper apron member 32. As will be described in greaterdetail below, the attachment bracket 52 includes one or more featuresthat may provide a predictable deformation pattern for the attachmentbracket 52 and absorb impact energy when a headform impacts the hood 14of the vehicle 10.

Referring to FIG. 4, the attachment bracket 52 may include a top portion54, a first vertical leg 56 located at a first end 58 of the top portion54 and a second vertical leg 60 located at an opposite second end 62 ofthe top portion 54. The top portion 54 may include connecting structure63 for attaching the attachment bracket 52 to the horizontal connectingwall 50 of the front fender 16. In one embodiment, the connectingstructure 63 is a bolt receiving structure 65 having a downwardlyextending wall 59 and an opening 61 extending therethrough. A foot 64and 66 is illustrated as extending outwardly from the legs 56 and 60away from the top portion 54 at a bottom edge 68 and 70 of each leg 56and 60. The feet 64 and 66 may be used to connect the attachment bracket52 to the horizontal portion 36 of the upper apron member 32. The feet64 and 66 may include openings 67, 69, 71 and 73 (see FIG. 5) throughwhich the fasteners 55 and 57 may be inserted. In other embodiments,fasteners 55 and 57 may not be used to connect the feet 64 and 66 to theupper apron member 32. For example, the feet 64 and 66 may be welded tothe upper apron member 32.

The legs 56 and 60 may include upper portions 72 and 74 and lowerportions 76 and 78 connected by bends 80 and 82. As can be seen, theupper portions 72 and 74 may have an angle θ to the vertical that isgreater than an angle of the lower portions 76 and 78 to the verticalthereby creating outward bends 80 and 82 that extend away from eachother. The upper portions 72 and 74, in some embodiments, taper towardeach other at a slope greater than the lower portions 76 and 78. In oneembodiment, the lower portions 76 and 78 are vertical and substantiallyparallel to each other. In some embodiments, the top portion 54 has alength L₁ that is greater than a length L₂ between bottom edges 68 and70 at a base of the attachment bracket 52.

Upper and lower gussets 81 and 83 are provided at the ends 58 and 62 andbottom edges 68 and 70 (see FIG. 5). The gussets 81 extend from theupper portions 72 and 74 to the top portion 54 over the ends 58 and 62.The gussets 83 extend from the lower portions 76 and 78 to the feet 64and 66 over the bottom edges 68 and 70. The gussets 81 and 83 mayprovide strength to the attachment bracket 52 in the widthwise vehicledirection.

In one embodiment, as shown, the leg 56 includes an extension portion 84between the foot 64 and the lower portion 76 of the leg 56. Theextension portion 84 includes a step 86 with a flat region 90. Theextension portion 84 locates foot 64 vertically below foot 66. Locatingfoot 64 below foot 66 may allow the attachment bracket 52 to beconnected to a horizontal portion 36 having an upper surface ofdiffering elevations. For example, foot 64 may rest on a region of thehorizontal portion 36 having an elevation that is lower than anotherregion of the horizontal portion 36 on which foot 66 rests. In someembodiments, both legs 56 and 60 may have an extension portion 84 orneither leg may have an extension portion.

Referring to FIG. 5, legs 56 and 60 include openings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94and 96 that are spaced apart vertically along a length of the legs. Eachopening 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 is located between the ends 58 and 62and bottom edges 68 and 70 of their respective legs 56 and 60. Inparticular, openings 86 and 92 are located at lower portions 76 and 78,openings 90 and 96 are located at upper portions 72 and 74 and openings88 and 94 are located on or intersect the bends 80 and 82.

Referring briefly to FIG. 5A, the openings (opening 86 is shown forexemplary purposes) may be oval in shape and formed of a pair of circles(represented by dotted lines 98 and 100) having a radius R. Twosubstantially straight parallel lines 102 and 104 are tangent to boththe circles 98 and 100. In some embodiments, a length l of the openings86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 is greater than the radius R. In oneembodiment, the radii R of each opening 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 arethe same. Alternatively, the radii R of one or more opening 86, 88, 90,92, 94 and 96 may be different and/or the radii of an individual opening(i.e., of circles 98 and 100) may be different. An axis A of theopenings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 passing through the center of theopenings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 is substantially horizontal and theopenings may have one or two axes of symmetry. Each opening 86, 88, 90,92, 94 and 96 in FIG. 4 has two axes of symmetry.

Referring again to FIG. 5, each leg 56 and 60 has a height H measuredbetween the ends 58 and 62 and bottom edges 68 and 70 and each openinghas a horizontal axis A₁, A₂ and A₃ (only openings 86, 88 and 90 areshown with axes A₁, A₂ and A₃ for clarity). As an example of oneembodiment, a vertical distance from the bottom edge 68 to A₁ may bebetween about 12 percent and about 35 percent, such as about 18 percentof the height H of the leg 56, a vertical distance from the bottom edgeto A₂ may be between about 30 percent and about 50 percent of the heightH of the leg 56, such as about 38 percent (e.g., less than 50 percent)and a vertical distance from the bottom edge to A₃ may be between about50 percent and about 90 percent, such as about 82 percent (e.g., greaterthan 50 percent) of the height H of the leg 56. In some embodiments,axis A₂ coextends with the bend 80. The radius R of the openings 86, 88,90, 92, 94 and 96 may be less than the height H of the leg 56, such asbetween about one percent and about ten percent, such as about fivepercent of the height H of the leg 56. In some embodiments, a distancebetween A₁ and A₂ is less than a distance between A₃ and A₂. In otherembodiments, the distance between A₁ and A₂ and A₃ and A₂ may be aboutthe same or the distance between A₃ and A₂ may be less than the distancebetween A₁ and A₂.

Each leg 56 and 60 also has a width W measured from one vertical edge106 to an opposite vertical edge 108. In some embodiments, the width Wis substantially the same along the entire height H of the legs 56 and60. In other embodiments, the width W may change (e.g., the legs maytaper in the widthwise direction). Each opening 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and96 has a length l₁, l₂ and l₃ running along the respective axes A₁, A₂and A₃. In the illustrated embodiment, length l₂ is greater than lengthsl₁ and l₃. In some embodiments, lengths l₁ and l₃ may be about the sameor different. As an example of one embodiment, length l₁ and l₂ may beless than the width W, such as between about 20 percent and about 40percent, such as about 34 percent of the width W and length l₃ may beless than the width W, such as between about 40 and about 60 percent,such as about 53 percent of the width W. In some embodiments, eachopening 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 may be centered between the verticaledges 106 and 108.

The openings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 may be provided to create regionsR₁, R₂ and R₃ of weakness along the legs 56 and 60. The openings 86, 88,90, 92, 94 and 96 provide a localized increase in stress by reducing thearea over which a force may be distributed. The openings 86, 88, 90, 92,94 and 96 are shaped to create a predictable horizontal buckling of thelegs 56 and 60 in response to a force F applied at the top portion 54.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the attachment bracket 52 is shown in abuckled configuration. Initial, primary buckling occurs at the bend 80and at opening 96. Primary buckling occurs at the bend 80 as region R₂may be the weakest due to the bend 80 and larger opening 88. Secondarybuckling occurs at openings 86, 90, 92 and 94. Thus, buckling may occurat all six openings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96.

The above-described attachment bracket 52 allows for greater verticalbracket displacement and lower head decelerations which can lower headinjury values (HIC). Referring to FIG. 8, a graph of acceleration versustime is shown for the attachment bracket 52 with the openings 86, 88,90, 92, 94 and 96 compared to an attachment bracket similar to theattachment bracket 52 without the openings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96.The graph of FIG. 8 may be generated using the JNCAP testing proceduresfor child pedestrians. As can be seen, the attachment bracket 52 withopenings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 provides a decrease in headformacceleration within region A compared to the attachment bracket withoutopenings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96. Referring now to FIG. 9, a graph ofacceleration versus stroke shows that the attachment bracket 52 withopenings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and 96 gives more displacement (see regionD) than the attachment bracket without openings 86, 88, 90, 92, 94 and96.

The above attachment bracket 52 may be formed of any suitable materialsuch as a metal material (e.g., steel). Any suitable process orcombination of processes may be used to form the attachment bracket 52such as bending, stamping, machining, etc.

The above-described attachment bracket 52 provides an attachmentstructure that may be used to absorb impact energy during a frontcollision. The attachment bracket 52 may provide for lower headdecelerations and greater vertical displacement, which can reduce HICvalues. Under JNCAP testing conditions, HIC values may be reduced byabout 15 percent to 20 percent or more by utilizing the attachmentbrackets 52.

It is noted that the terms “substantially” and “about” may be utilizedherein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may beattributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or otherrepresentation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent thedegree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a statedreference without resulting in a change in the basic function of thesubject matter at issue.

While particular embodiments have been illustrated and described herein,it should be understood that various other changes and modifications maybe made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimedsubject matter. Moreover, although various aspects of the claimedsubject matter have been described herein, such aspects need not beutilized in combination. It is therefore intended that the appendedclaims cover all such changes and modifications that are within thescope of the claimed subject matter.

1. A vehicle having a fender structure assembly, the vehicle comprising:a fender having an outer portion and a connecting portion; a sidestructural member; and an attachment bracket that mounts the fender tothe side structural member, the attachment bracket comprising a topportion connected to the connecting portion; a first vertical legconnected to the side structural member, the first vertical legextending downwardly from an edge of the top portion; and a secondvertical leg connected to the side structural member, the secondvertical leg extending downwardly from an opposite edge of the topportion; wherein the first vertical leg includes a first bend separatingthe first vertical leg into an upper portion and a lower portion, thefirst vertical leg having a central opening at the first bend that isspaced vertically from the top portion and a bottom end of the firstvertical leg.
 2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the attachment brackethas an upper opening at the upper portion of the first vertical leg thatis spaced vertically from the central opening and a lower opening at thelower portion of the first vertical leg that is spaced vertically fromthe central opening.
 3. The vehicle of claim 2, wherein a veticaldistance from the bottom end to a center of the central opening isbetween about 30 percent and about 50 percent of a height of the firstvertical leg measured between the bottom end and the edge of the topportion from which the first vertical leg extends.
 4. The vehicle ofclaim 3, wherein a vertical distance from the bottom end to a center ofthe lower opening is between about 12 percent and about 35 percent of aheight of the first vertical leg measured between the bottom end and theedge of the top portion from which the first vertical leg extends. 5.The vehicle of claim 4, wherein a vertical distance from the bottom endto a center of the upper opening is between about 50 percent and about90 percent of a height of the first vertical leg measured between thebottom end and the edge of the top portion from which the first verticalleg extends.
 6. A fender structure assembly of a motor vehicle,comprising: a fender including an outer portion extending downwardlytoward a wheel, a vertical portion extending downwardly from the outerportion and a connecting portion; a side structural member; and anattachment bracket that mounts the fender to the side structural member,the attachment bracket comprising a top portion connected to theconnecting portion; a first vertical leg connected to the sidestructural member, the first vertical leg extending downwardly from anedge of the top portion and including two or more openings spaced-apartvertically from each other along a length of the first vertical leg; anda second vertical leg connected to the side structural member, thesecond vertical leg extending downwardly from an opposite edge of thetop portion and including two or more openings spaced-apart verticallyfrom each other along a length of the second vertical leg; wherein thefirst and second vertical legs buckle at each of their respective two ormore openings upon an impact to the fender structure assembly.
 7. Thefender structure assembly of claim 6, wherein the first vertical legincludes a first bend that separates the first vertical leg into anupper portion and a lower portion and the second vertical leg includes asecond bend that separates the second vertical leg into an upper portionand a lower portion wherein the first bend of the first vertical leg isintersected by only one of the two or more openings of the firstvertical leg.
 8. The fender structure assembly of claim 6, wherein atleast one of the openings of the attachment bracket has a length that isgreater than a height of the opening.
 9. The fender structure assemblyof claim 6, wherein at least one of the openings of the attachmentbracket is oval in shape.
 10. The fender structure assembly of claim 6,wherein a vertical distance from a bottom end to a center of one of theopenings is between about 30 percent and about 50 percent of a height ofthe first vertical leg measured between the bottom end and the edge ofthe top portion from which the first vertical leg extends.
 11. Thefender structure assembly of claim 6, wherein a vertical distance from abottom end to a center of one of the openings is between about 12percent and about 35 percent of a height of the first vertical legmeasured between the bottom end and the edge of the top portion fromwhich the first vertical leg extends.
 12. The fender structure assemblyof claim 6, wherein a vertical distance from a bottom end to a center ofone of the openings is between about 50 percent and about 90 percent ofa height of the first vertical leg measured between the bottom end andthe edge of the top portion from which the first vertical leg extends.13. The fender structure assembly of claim 6, wherein at least one ofthe openings of the attachment bracket has a length that is betweenabout 40 and about 60 percent of a width of the first vertical leg. 14.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the second vertical leg of theattachment bracket includes a second bend separating the second verticalleg into an upper portion and a lower portion, the second vertical leghaving a central opening that is spaced vertically from the top portionand the bottom end of the second vertical leg.
 15. The vehicle of claim1, wherein the opening of the attachment bracket has a length that isgreater than a height of the opening.
 16. The vehicle of claim 1,wherein the opening of the attachment bracket is oval in shape.
 17. Thevehicle of claim 1, wherein the attachment bracket has an upper openingat the upper portion of the first vertical leg that is spaced verticallyfrom the central opening and a lower opening at the lower portion of thefirst vertical leg that is spaced vertically from the central opening.18. The vehicle of claim 17, wherein the second vertical leg of theattachment bracket includes a second bend separating the second verticalleg into an upper portion and a lower portion, the second vertical leghaving a central opening at the bend of the second vertical leg that isspaced vertically from the top portion and a bottom end of the secondvertical leg, wherein the attachment bracket has an upper opening at theupper portion of the second vertical leg that is spaced vertically fromthe central opening of the second vertical leg and a lower opening atthe lower portion of the second vertical leg that is spaced verticallyfrom the central opening of the second vertical leg and a lower openingof the second vertical leg.
 19. The vehicle of claim 18, wherein thefirst and second vertical legs of the attachment bracket buckle at eachof their respective upper, lower and central openings upon an impact tothe fender structure assembly.
 20. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein thecentral opening of the attachment bracket has a length that is betweenabout 40 and about 60 percent of a width of the first vertical leg.